Alice, at this time of the year chafer grubs and leatherjackets can devastate lawns by eating the grass roots. You can get a lawn grub killer to control these pests. If you cover a small area of grass with sacking or plastic overnight and remove next day you may see these grubs.
Don't rake your grass too fiercely either...I wouldn't start raking until next year anyway.
Did you apply a late summer feed to your lawn? If so, this may have caused a problem.
Re overseeding......it depends. You can overdo it but I think the grubs In the lawn are the culprits