You'd need to keep the hanging branches trimmed to at least head height in order to let in sufficient light for anything that's of interest after the spring bulbs. You could try adding snake's head fritillaries to the bulbs as they like damp meadow conditions.
You could try variegated forms of ajuga reptans and pachysandra to give ground cover with some creamy highlights and also variegated vinca major. This and the ajuga will give blue flowers and the pachysandra has white flowers. Another plant worth a try would be pulmonaria which has spotted or silvered leaves depending on variety and white, pink or blue flowers - again depending on variety. All of these will flower in spring or early summer but will give evergreen foliage interest, especially if you cut back the pulmonaria once flowering finishes so it produces new leaves.
A friend of mine puts tubs of busy lizzies under her tree as they appreciate the shade in summer. This could be a plan to extend floral interest through the summer.