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Pears ripening on the tree are damaged by wasps excavating holes into the soft, juicy flesh. The holes are initially created by hungry birds, then wasps are attracted by the juice and move in.
Solution
Organic
Prize pears can be protected by covering them in old nylon tights, squares of horticultural fleece, muslin or something similar. You can also hang up wasp traps to catch them before they do any damage. Otherwise, there is little that can be done.
Chemical
Nearby wasp nests can be eliminated by calling in professional pest control companies, or if the infestation is small enough, tackle it yourself with an over-the-counter solution.
