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To loosen soil in order to relieve compaction, allowing improved drainage and movement of air.

To improve the condition and fertility of soils by ploughing in cover crops while still green.

The addition of lime to the soil to improve its structure, reduce acidity and remedy calcium deficiency.

Refers to non-animal, non-vegetable substances that do not contain carbon. Often applied to chemical products used to improve the soil.

The practice of improving soil, by adding a layer of fertiliser to the surface and allowing it to settle in without digging over. Replacing the top layer of soil with compost.

The cutting back of leaves or branches for four main reasons:1) To remove dead, injured or diseased parts.2) To control or direct growth.3) To improve the yield of flowers or fruit.4) To ensure premium growth conditions by allowing more light

The John Innes Horticultural Institute was founded in 1904, 'for the improvement of horticulture by experiment and research'. It was set up with money bequeathed by a London businessman of Scottish descent.John Innes composts were developed