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as much heat-producing body mass. But its surface area is now 24 cm², only four times as much skin surface through which to lose heat. Keep scaling this up and it's clear that the larger the bird (or other animal), the better insulated against the cold

transfer coefficients, thermal insulance and heat conductivity. And, of course, newts and other pond critters survive much worse weather than is thrown at them in South London.Part of me, however, feels very sorry for the poor beast (perhaps several of them

of the egg-laying equipment, so the male doesn’t have one, obviously.They knew bumblebees are furry, they didn’t know that this insulates them against the cold so they can forage earlier in the year than other insects, and earlier in the day, and further