Flowers

• Cut down deciduous ornamental grasses left standing over winter, before fresh shoots appear
• Divide large clumps of snowdrops and winter aconites after flowering and replant to start new colonies
• Prune late-summer flowering clematis, cutting stems back to healthy buds about 30cm from the base
• Divide congested clumps of herbaceous perennials and grasses to make vigorous new plants for free
• Transplant deciduous shrubs growing in the wrong place, while they are dormant
• Pot up containers with hardy spring bedding, such as primroses, wallflowers and forget-me-nots
• Prune winter-blooming shrubs such as mahonia, winter jasmine and heathers, once they've finished flowering
• Cut back wisteria side shoots to three buds from the base, to encourage abundant flowers in spring
• Prune buddleja and elder to the base to keep these vigorous shrubs to a reasonable size
• Trim back ivy, Virginia creeper and other climbers if they have outgrown their space, before birds start nesting
• Cut away all the old foliage from epimediums with shears, before the spring flowers start to develop
• Sprinkle slow-release fertiliser around the base of roses and other flowering shrubs

Snowdrops
Divide clumps of snowdrops

Fruit and veg

• Finish winter-pruning fruit trees and soft fruits, including apples, autumn raspberries and blackcurrants
• Chit first-early potato tubers, such as 'Foremost', by standing them in trays in a light, frost-free place
• Prepare veg beds for sowing by weeding thoroughly, then cover with a thick layer of garden compost
• Feed fruit trees and bushes by sprinkling sulphate of potash fertiliser around the base to encourage fruiting
• Sow mustard and cress in a small seed tray on a warm windowsill for pickings in just a few weeks
• Put cloches or fleece over strawberry plants to start them into growth and encourage an early crop
• Hunt out overwintering snails huddled in empty pots and hidden corners, to reduce populations. Find out more about how to deter slugs and snails from your garden
• Plant rhubarb into enriched soil, or lift and divide established clumps
• Check if old seed packets are worth keeping by sowing a few seeds on damp kitchen paper, to see if they germinate
• Start planning for your seed sowing year
• Protect the blossom of outdoor peaches, nectarines and apricots with fleece, if frost is forecast
• Plant bare-root fruit bushes, trees and canes, as long as the ground isn't frozen
• Inspect Mediterranean herbs for metallic green rosemary beetles if they start to look nibbled and tatty

New potatoes
Chit potatoes for an early harvest

Greenhouse

• Sow sweet peas in deep pots and keep them frost-free in a greenhouse or on a sunny windowsill
• Pot on and pinch out autumn-sown sweet peas to encourage side shoots to form
• Sow summer bedding and tender annuals, including cosmos, lobelia, dahlias, nasturtiums and snapdragons
• Sow tender crops such as tomatoes and chillies in a heated propagator or on a warm sunny windowsill
• Plant dahlia tubers in trays to encourage shoots to develop, which you can then use as cuttings
• Monitor greenhouse temperatures with a max-min thermometer to ensure heaters are working efficiently
• Start planting summer bulbs in pots indoors, including liatris, begonias, gloxinias, lilies, eucomis and agapanthus
• Cut off hippeastrum (amaryllis) flowerheads once they fade, but leave the stalk to die down naturally
• Hand-pollinate the blossom of peaches and nectarines in the greenhouse using a soft paintbrush
• Cut back overwintered fuchsias and increase the frequency of watering to spur them into growth
• Remove any faded or yellowing leaves from overwintering plants to prevent fungal diseases
• Wash greenhouse glazing inside and out to let in as much light as possible

Fuchsias
Golden rules for growing fuchsias

Garden maintenance

• Install a nest box with a camera, so you can watch birds raising their broods in spring
• If snow falls, knock it off evergreen shrubs, hedges and conifers to prevent branches snapping under the weight
• Buy or make a cold frame to use when hardening off young plants in spring
• Check fleece or other insulation is still in place around pots and borderline-tender plants
• Firm back down any plants that have been lifted by frost or loosened by wind-rock
• Make fat ball feeders and hang them among roses to attract blue tits, which will also forage for overwintering pests
• Improve the soil by spreading garden compost or well-rotted manure over beds and forking it
• Spread a layer of well-rotted manure around roses and shrubs
• Sort out and clean up canes, plant supports and cloches, ready for use in spring
• Prune hybrid tea and floribunda roses, before growth restarts
• Clear away old plant debris from pond margins and scoop out any leaves that have fallen into the water
• Remove pond netting installed in autumn to catch falling leaves
• Clean and service mowers and garden power tools, so they're in good order for spring
• Coppice hazel, cutting to the base, to encourage a flush of new stems that you can use for plant supports in a few years

Mowers
Clean and service mowers ready for spring