Wildlife-friendly plants for shade

Typically, bees, butterflies and other pollinators feed in full sun. They visit flowers growing in sunny borders and use large stones and fence posts to bask in the sun's rays and warm up their cold bodies. However, in hot summers, areas of shade can provide a respite for insects, and flowers growing in shade are less likely to run out of nectar.

Birds seem less concerned by shade than insects, while moths, most of which visit plants at night, visit flowers that are never in light.

While you are limited to what you can grow for wildlife in a shady garden, there's still a good range of plants to grow that will provide nectar, pollen, caterpillar food and even seeds and fruit for birds.

More on gardening in shade:

• Types of garden shade
• Six plants for full shade
• The best shade-loving plants

Browse our list of wildlife-friendly plants for shade, below.

Lungwort

Lungwort, Pulmonaria, is named for its mottled leaves, which are supposed to resemble lungs. Different varieties produce different leaf markings, which look their best in mid spring when putting on fresh growth after flowering. They make excellent ground-cover plants, especially for shady borders. Funnel-shaped flowers appear in shades of blue, violet, pink, purple, red and white. They’re extremely attractive to bees, particularly the hairy footed flower bee, Anthophora plumipes.

Height x Spread: 40cm x 50cm

Foxglove

Foxgloves are woodland plants and are therefore well suited to growing in shade. They bear tubular flowers in shades of pink, red and white. Most foxglove varieties are biennial, meaning they flower in their second year, before setting seed and dying. Their flowers are an important source of food for bumblebees and other pollinating insects, and their leaves feed the caterpillars of a number of species of moth.

H x S: 1.5m x 45cm

Primrose

Our native primrose, Primula vulgaris, thrives in damp shade in a variety of situations, typically woodlands and beneath hedgerows. Spring-flowering, it provides an early source of nectar and pollen for bees and other pollinators, and is used as a caterpillar foodplant by several species of moth.

H x S: 30cm x 20cm

Hellebore

Hellebores produce large clusters of saucer-shaped flowers with white, pink, green, mauve or smoky purple flowers. The large leathery, evergreen leaves persist throughout the year but should be cut back in spring when flowers and new foliage emerge. Plants hybridise and self-seed freely.

H x S: 30cm x 30cm

Red campion

Red campion, Silene dioica, is a pretty, low-maintenence wildflower, bearing delicate pink flowers on tall, rich green stems. Eventually forming bold clumps, it's often found growing wild in woodlands and roadside verges. Long-tongued bumblebees and moths visit the flowers.

H X S: 30cm x 30cm

Hardy geraniums

Cranesbill, or hardy geraniums, are perennial border plants with saucer-shaped flowers in shades of pink, purple and blue. They’re easy to grow and flower for months. Many thrive in shade, including the dainty herb robert. Geraniums are popular in cottage garden schemes and offer a long season of pollen and nectar for a number of pollinators, particularly bees.

H x S: 85cm x 85cm

Snowdrop

Snowdrops herald the end of winter. Flowering at the beginning of the gardening season, they provide pollen and nectar for a variety of pollinators.

H x S: 20cm x 8cm

Ivy

English ivy, Hedera helix, has many uses around the garden. It can be used to cover shady walls and trained to climb up or spread out along a low wall. Its flowers provide a late source of nectar for bees, butterflies, flies and wasps, its berries provide a calorie-rich source of food for birds, and its leave are the caterpillar foodplant for the holly blue butterfly.

H x S: 10m x 10m